An ESG framework is a structured framework or guidelines that provide a standardized approach for companies to assess, measure, and report their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance.
ESG frameworks help companies organise and disclose relevant information on their sustainability practices, allowing stakeholders to compare and evaluate ESG performance across different organisations consistently.
There are several prominent ESG frameworks commonly used by companies:
GRI provides a comprehensive framework for sustainability reporting, covering a wide range of ESG topics. It offers guidelines and indicators to assist companies in disclosing their economic, environmental, and social impacts.
SASB provides industry-specific standards for reporting financially material ESG information. It focuses on identifying and reporting ESG factors most likely to impact the financial performance of companies within specific industries.
TCFD provides recommendations for companies to disclose climate-related financial risks and opportunities. It encourages companies to assess and report on climate-related risks in their governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics.
CDP focuses specifically on carbon emissions and climate change-related disclosures. It requests companies to report their environmental impact, carbon footprint, and climate change-related risks and opportunities.
The SDGs provide a set of 17 global goals to address major social and environmental challenges, such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and sustainable consumption. Companies can align their sustainability efforts with specific SDGs and report their contributions to the goals.
Voluntary ESG reporting frameworks provide flexibility for organisations to choose the relevant questions and topics to report on based on their industry and materiality. Here are some notable voluntary ESG frameworks
CDP’s Climate A List recognizes companies leading in climate action and disclosure. It assesses companies’ efforts in addressing climate change risks and opportunities, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and climate governance.
GRI offers globally applicable guidance through its standards, which cover materiality, management reporting, and disclosure for a comprehensive range of sustainability issues. Many organisations use GRI Standards to prepare their sustainability reports, selecting the relevant topic-specific standards to report on material topics.
TCFD focuses specifically on climate-related risks and opportunities. It helps organisations articulate the impact of ESG performance on future financial performance and value creation. TCFD's recommendations address governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics/targets related to climate-related issues.
VRF resulted from the merger of SASB and IIRC. It sets standards for disclosing financially material sustainability information to investors. SASB Standards cover ESG issues across 77 industry standards, enabling organisations to share outward ESG impacts with investors, debt holders, and internal stakeholders.
Each framework operates differently:
DJSI evaluates the sustainability performance of companies based on economic, environmental, and social dimensions. It ranks companies within various industry sectors, providing an indication of their sustainability leadership.
MSCI ESG Research offers ESG ratings and indices that assess companies' exposure to ESG risks and opportunities. These ratings and indices serve as benchmarks for investors looking to incorporate ESG considerations into their investment decisions.
The FTSE4Good Index Series measures the ESG performance of companies based on globally recognized standards. It includes criteria related to environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and corporate governance.
The Corporate Knights Global 100 is an index that ranks the world's most sustainable companies. It evaluates companies based on a range of ESG indicators, including resource management, employee diversity, clean revenue, and more.
Sustainalytics provides ESG research, ratings, and indices that assess companies' ESG performance. These benchmarks enable investors to compare companies based on various ESG criteria and identify sustainability leaders.
Regulatory ESG reporting frameworks differ from benchmark frameworks as they require all responses, without necessarily providing a scoring mechanism. These frameworks are mandated by government bodies.
NGER is Australia’s national framework for reporting company information on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy production, and consumption. Regulated by the Clean Energy Regulator, it collects data on GHGs such as CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, and specified hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons. The data must enable external audits to verify its relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, and accuracy.
Regulatory ESG reporting frameworks differ from benchmark frameworks as they require all responses, without necessarily providing a scoring mechanism. These frameworks are mandated by government bodies.
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